Scientific Classification

• Kingdom: Plantae
• Phylum: Tracheophytes
• Clade: Angiosperms
• Clade: Eudicots
• Clade: Rosids
• Order: Rosales
• Family: Moraceae
• Genus: Ficus
• Subgenus: Ficus subg. Ficus
• Species: Ficus carica

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Morphological Characteristics

Tree Growth & Appearance

The Spanish Black Fig tree is a small deciduous tree or large shrub that can grow up to:

• Height: 7 - 10 meters (23 - 33 feet)
• Bark: Smooth, white to light gray
• Leaves: Large, deeply lobed (three to five lobes), with a slightly rough texture

The Spanish Black Fig tree is well adapted to hot, dry climates, and it tolerates moderate frost. It has an aggressive root system, allowing it to thrive even in poor soil conditions.

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Fruit Characteristics

The Spanish Black Fig is highly prized for its dark, rich-colored fruit.

• Size: 3 - 5 cm (1 - 2 inches) in length
• Shape: Tear-shaped or oval
• Skin Color: Deep purple to black when ripe
• Flesh Color: Bright red, soft, and sweet
• Flavor Profile: Honey-like sweetness with berry and caramel undertones
• Texture: Smooth skin with numerous crunchy seeds inside

Spanish Black Figs are high in natural sugars, making them exceptionally sweet and ideal for fresh consumption, drying, and processing into preserves.

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Habitat & Distribution

The Spanish Black Fig thrives in warm, dry Mediterranean climates but has been successfully cultivated worldwide, including in:

• Southern Europe (Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey)
• North Africa (Egypt, Morocco, Algeria)
• California, USA
• Middle Eastern countries

Figs grow best in well-drained soil and are often found in coastal regions, valleys, and rocky terrain where they can access deep groundwater sources.

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Spanish Black Fig Care Guide

Lighting Requirements

✅ Ideal Light: Full sun (at least 6 - 8 hours per day)
❌ Avoid:

• Excessive shade, which can reduce fruit production
• High humidity, which may promote fungal diseases

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Soil & Watering

✅ Ideal Soil: Well-draining, nutrient-rich soil with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH (6.0 - 8.0)

✔ Recommended Soil Mix:

• 1 part loamy soil (for structure and nutrients)
• 1 part sand or perlite (to improve drainage)
• 1 part compost or aged manure (for fertility)

✅ Watering Frequency:

• Young Trees: Water twice a week in dry conditions
• Mature Trees: Water once every 10 - 14 days

? Overwatering Risks: Root rot, fungal infections
? Underwatering Signs: Drooping leaves, premature fruit drop

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Temperature & Humidity

? Ideal Temperature Range: 15 - 30°C (59 - 86°F)
❄ Lowest Tolerable Temperature: -5°C (23°F) (can survive mild frost)

? Humidity Requirements:
✔ Prefers low to moderate humidity
✔ Improve air circulation to prevent fungal issues

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Fertilization

• Spring & Summer: Apply a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) every 4 - 6 weeks
• Fall & Winter: Reduce or stop fertilization to allow dormancy

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Propagation of Spanish Black Figs

Growing from Cuttings

The most effective way to propagate fig trees is through stem cuttings, as seeds are often unreliable.

✅ Steps for Propagation:

1. Cut a 12 - 15 inch (30 - 38 cm) branch from a healthy fig tree.
2. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone (optional).
3. Plant the cutting in moist, well-draining soil.
4. Keep in a warm, sunny location and maintain consistent moisture.
5. Roots should develop within 4 - 6 weeks.

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Common Issues & Pests

? Common Pests:

• Fig beetles
• Aphids
• Spider mites
• Whiteflies

? Prevention & Treatment:
✔ Spray leaves with neem oil or insecticidal soap
✔ Encourage beneficial insects like ladybugs

? Common Diseases:

• Fig Rust (causes yellowing leaves)
• Powdery Mildew (fungal growth on leaves)
• Root Rot (due to excessive watering)

✔ Solution:

• Improve air circulation
• Avoid overhead watering
• Use organic fungicides when needed

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Uses of Spanish Black Figs

Culinary Uses

? Fresh: Enjoyed raw, as a snack or in salads.
? Desserts: Used in cakes, tarts, jams, and dried fruit recipes.
? Savory Dishes: Pairs well with cheese, cured meats, and Mediterranean dishes.
? Beverages: Added to wines, liqueurs, and infused drinks.

Medicinal & Nutritional Benefits

Spanish Black Figs are rich in fiber, antioxidants, and essential minerals.

✅ Health Benefits:

• Supports digestion and gut health
• Helps regulate blood sugar levels
• High in potassium, calcium, and iron
• Contains polyphenols with anti-inflammatory properties

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Interesting Facts About Spanish Black Figs

? Ancient History: One of the oldest cultivated fruits, dating back over 9,000 years.
? Symbolism: In Greek and Roman mythology, figs symbolized fertility, prosperity, and abundance.
?? Spanish Connection: Spanish Black Figs were introduced to California by Spanish missionaries in 1769, leading to the Mission fig variety.
⚠️ Latex Caution: The tree’s milky sap can cause skin irritation.