Scientific Classification

• Kingdom: Plantae
• Clade: Tracheophytes
• Clade: Angiosperms
• Clade: Monocots
• Clade: Commelinids
• Order: Poales
• Family: Poaceae
• Subfamily: Panicoideae
• Genus: Cymbopogon
• Type Species: Cymbopogon schoenanthus

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Morphology and Growth Habit

Lemongrass is a fast-growing, clumping grass that can reach heights of 3 to 6 feet (1-2 meters). It has long, thin, and sharp-edged green leaves with a strong citrus fragrance. The plant develops fibrous roots and grows best in well-drained, fertile soil under warm and humid conditions.

Leaf Structure

• Long, slender leaves (up to 1 meter in length)
• Sharp-edged, rough-textured surface
• Strong lemon scent due to high essential oil content

Flowers & Reproduction

• Small, inconspicuous flowers
• Propagated mainly through division rather than seeds
• Can flower under tropical conditions but rarely sets viable seeds

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Types of Lemongrass

There are over 50 species of Cymbopogon, but the most widely cultivated varieties include:

1. West Indian Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)

• Most commonly used in cooking
• Native to Southeast Asia
• Produces high-quality essential oil

2. East Indian Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus)

• Native to India and Sri Lanka
• Contains more citral, making it ideal for essential oil production

3. Citronella Grass (Cymbopogon nardus & Cymbopogon winterianus)

• Used in natural insect repellents
• Produces citronella oil, widely used in aromatherapy and household products

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Culinary Uses of Lemongrass

Lemongrass is a staple herb in Asian, Caribbean, and African cuisines, providing a citrusy flavor to various dishes.

Popular Culinary Applications

✅ Soups & Broths (e.g., Thai Tom Yum)
✅ Curries & Stir-Fries
✅ Herbal Teas & Infusions
✅ Marinades for Meat & Seafood
✅ Desserts & Baked Goods

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Medicinal Benefits & Traditional Uses

Lemongrass has been widely used in traditional medicine for centuries due to its anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties.

Health Benefits

? Digestive Aid – Helps relieve bloating, indigestion, and stomach cramps
? Stress Reliever – Used in herbal teas for relaxation
? Antibacterial Properties – Fights infections and supports immune function
? Detoxification – Known for its diuretic properties
? Pain Relief – Used in massage oils to relieve muscle pain

⚠️ Caution: Excessive consumption of lemongrass tea may cause allergic reactions or gastrointestinal discomfort.

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Industrial & Commercial Uses

Lemongrass is widely used in cosmetics, aromatherapy, and insect repellents due to its strong citrus scent and medicinal properties.

Common Industrial Uses

✅ Essential Oils – Used in perfumes, candles, and diffusers
✅ Insect Repellent – Citronella oil is effective against mosquitoes
✅ Herbal Skincare – Found in soaps, lotions, and shampoos

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How to Grow Lemongrass

Lemongrass is a low-maintenance plant that thrives in warm climates and well-draining soil.

Planting Guide

? Soil Type: Well-drained, sandy or loamy soil
☀️ Sunlight: Full sun (at least 6-8 hours per day)
? Watering: Regular watering but avoid waterlogging
?️ Temperature: Prefers warm temperatures (20-30°C / 68-86°F)
✂️ Pruning: Trim old leaves regularly to encourage new growth

Propagation

✅ By Division: Separate clumps and replant
✅ By Cuttings: Root fresh stalks in water before planting in soil

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Harvesting & Storage

Lemongrass can be harvested once it reaches a height of 3 feet (1 meter). The lower stalks are the most flavorful and aromatic.

Harvesting Tips

? Cut stalks at the base using sharp scissors
? Harvest only mature stalks for the best flavor
? Use fresh, dried, or frozen lemongrass for long-term storage

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Pests & Diseases

Lemongrass is relatively resistant to pests, but it may occasionally suffer from:

? Common Pests:
✔ Aphids
✔ Spider mites
✔ Leaf miners

? Common Diseases:
✔ Root rot (due to overwatering)
✔ Leaf blight

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Is Lemongrass Safe?

✅ GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) by the FDA
✅ Non-toxic to humans and pets when used in moderation
⚠️ Potential Allergies: Some individuals may develop skin irritation from lemongrass oil