Plants demonstrate incredible resilience, adapting to some of the most extreme environments on the planet. Whether it's surviving in arid deserts, freezing tundras, or high-salinity soils, these plants have evolved specialized features for survival.

1. Desert Adaptations

• Cacti store water in thick stems and have spines instead of leaves to reduce water loss.

• Succulents use CAM photosynthesis to retain water and minimize transpiration.

2. Arctic and Alpine Adaptations

• Low-growing plants avoid wind damage and conserve heat near the ground.

• Dark-colored leaves absorb more solar radiation in cold climates.

3. Salt-Tolerant Species (Halophytes)

• Plants like mangroves excrete excess salt through their leaves.

• Some develop special root structures to filter salt and access fresh water.

4. Drought and Fire Resistance

• Mediterranean plants like lavender develop oils that are flammable, promoting fire as a regenerative process.

• Seed dormancy allows plants to wait for favorable conditions before germinating.

These adaptations not only ensure survival but also maintain biodiversity in some of Earth’s toughest habitats.